陽明交通大學公衛所 Faculty Seminar 通知：113/5/27 雷文玫老師

時間(Time)：113年5月27日(一) 12:10PM – 13:10PM

地點(Location)：醫學二館221教室

講者(Speaker)： 雷文玫老師

講題(Title)：再訪代孕的治理架構： 脆弱性與關係自主的啟示

Revisiting Governing Frameworks for Surrogacy: Reflecting from the Perspective of Vulnerability and Relational Autonomy

摘要：
隨著晚婚遲育，人們越來越仰賴人工生殖來孕育有自己血緣的子女。即使有這些科技的協助，先天無子宮或子宮無法懷孕的人而言，還是需要仰賴他人代理懷孕。然而，代理懷孕由於根本地改變了「分娩者為母」的傳統，加上有女性身體與販賣嬰兒之嫌，因此許多國家均視為禁忌。少數允許代孕的國家例如英國、澳洲、紐西蘭，則透過準收養的方式，允許代孕，但代孕者在出養孩子之前，都是孩子的母親。美國有些州，儘管立法允許代孕，也沒有以收養的方式為之，但實質上仍然需在孩子出生後，經法院採定，委託者與子女才能成立親子關係，在此之前包含懷孕，代孕者實質上仍是孩子的母親，身體自主權也比照一般母親受到完整的保障，不因代孕而有差異。

然而，自從一九八０年代以來，英國、美國各州、澳洲、荷蘭等國家陸續允許代孕，累積了大量的實證經驗及立法例，讓我們有機會去理解代孕者如何看待與所懷胎兒的關係，也促使許多地區反省代孕相關法制親子關係的安排。這些討論一方面攸關代孕者的身體自主權、所生子女的利益，也攸關委託者成為父母的權益及代孕法制的基本邏輯。因此我們將檢視這些實證與立法經驗，並且分析其利弊得失。

With the growing trend of delayed marriage and childbirth, more individuals are turning to assisted reproductive technologies to have genetically related children. For those born without a uterus or whose uterus cannot sustain a pregnancy, surrogacy becomes the only viable option. However, surrogacy fundamentally challenges the traditional notion that the person who gives birth is the mother, and raises ethical concerns regarding the commodification of women’s bodies and potential baby selling. As a result, many countries consider surrogacy taboo and prohibit it.

In countries that do permit surrogacy—such as the UK, Australia, and New Zealand—it is typically governed through frameworks resembling adoption. In these models, the surrogate remains the legal mother until she formally relinquishes the child. In contrast, some U.S. states allow surrogacy without using adoption frameworks. Nonetheless, legal parenthood is still not established until after birth through a court ruling. During pregnancy and childbirth, the surrogate retains full bodily autonomy and legal status as the child’s mother, without any diminution of rights due to surrogacy.

Since the 1980s, countries including the UK, various U.S. states, Australia, and the Netherlands have legalized and regulated surrogacy, generating a substantial body of empirical data and legislative practices. These developments provide valuable insights into how surrogates perceive their relationship with the fetus and have prompted reexaminations of legal frameworks governing parenthood in surrogacy. These debates touch on crucial issues, including the bodily autonomy of surrogates, the best interests of the child, the rights of intended parents, and the foundational logic of surrogacy legislation.

This presentation will review key empirical findings and legal experiences from these jurisdictions, analyzing their respective advantages and limitations through the lens of vulnerability and relational autonomy.